John Locke: State and law

John Locke (1632-1704) outlined his political and legal doctrine in the work “Two Treatises on Government”. Locke fully shared the ideas of natural law, social contract, national sovereignty, inalienable personal freedoms, balance of power, legality of the uprising against the tyrant. J. Locke developed these ideas, modified, supplemented with new ones and integrated into the … Read more

Philosophical Doctrine of David Hume

David Hume was born in 1711 in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, in the family of a poor nobleman practicing law. For some time Hume attended Edinburgh University, but due to material difficulties he was forced to leave school. Later, in 1734, he made an educational trip to France for three years, most of which … Read more

Philosophical Doctrine of George Berkley

BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE BERKLEY George Berkeley was born on March 12, 1685 in the south of Ireland in Kilkren. He was the eldest of seven children in the family of a small nobleman, William Berkeley. In 1675, George began his studies in Kilkenny, and five years later he continued her studies at Trinity College in … Read more

Civil society and law according to Hegel

Brilliant thinker, dialectic. The French revolution, which symbolized the onset of the new rational world, showed a great influence on the formation of the views of young Hegel and on all his further spiritual development. Acknowledging the main idea of ​​the French revolution, sharing in the early stages of his creative evolution, views on the … Read more

Hegel: Practical spirit

The political views of Hegel throughout the life of the German philosopher were in constant communication with his emerging philosophical system, and often politics, especially at the early stage of his creative activity, was at the very center of his spiritual interests. The state as a subject that ensures the objective emergence and existence of … Read more

Voltaire and the philosophy of the French Enlightenment

The period of development of the Enlightenment may be conditionally limited to two dates: the year of the death of Louis XIV (1715), which put an end to the era of “brilliant” absolutism, and the year of the storming of the Bastille (1789). The culmination of the educational philosophical movement was about 1751, in which … Read more

Arthur Schopenhauer

The philosophy of life refers to those philosophical trends of the XIX – early XX century, which expressed the protest of some philosophers against the domination of epistemological and methodological problems in the philosophy of modern times, primarily in German classical philosophy. Representatives of the philosophy of life were against focusing on the problems of … Read more

Henri Bergson

Henri Bergson was the leading French philosopher of our age. He influenced William James and Whitehead and greatly influenced French thought. Basically, the impact of Bergson’s philosophy was conservative, it was easily consistent with the movement that culminated in Vichy. Bergson’s philosophy, unlike most systems of the past, is dualistic. The world for him is … Read more

Aurelius Augustine

The largest Christian thinker of the patristic period and the most prominent of the “fathers of the church” was Aurelius Augustine (354-430). “You created us for yourself, and our heart will be restless until it rests in you.” This sentence begins “Confessions”, in thirty books of which he, in the form of a prayer, talks … Read more

Eleis School

The Eleatic school is quite interesting for research, since it is one of the oldest schools, in the works of which mathematics and philosophy interact quite closely and diversified. The main representatives of the Eleatic school are Parmenides (end of the 6th – 5th centuries BC) and Zeno (the first half of the 5th century … Read more

Philosophy of Ancient Greece

The philosophy of ancient Greece Greek philosophy in the VII – VI centuries BC. and was essentially its first attempt to rationalize the world around it. In the development of the philosophy of ancient Greece there are four main stages: I, VII-V century BC. – pre-Socratic philosophy of the II V-IV century BC. – classical … Read more

Sophists: man is the measure of all things

Subjects: Plato, Truth, Philosophy, Epistemology. Keywords: task of Socrates, Greek philosophy, kind of good, knowledge of the mechanisms, main art, essence of the teachings of Socrates, criterion of truth. Man and consciousness – this is a topic that enters into Greek philosophy instead of with sophists (sophists – teachers of wisdom). The most famous among them were … Read more

Socrates, his teachings and philosophical methods

One can only learn about the life and work of Socrates – one of the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece – from the works of his contemporaries and students, primarily Plato, because Socrates himself did not leave written sources behind him. Plato also met Socrates eight years before the death of the latter, when Socrates … Read more

Plato

Bibliography Plato (427 – 347 BC) is the son of an Athenian citizen. According to its social status, it came from the Athenian slave-owning aristocracy. And of course, he was his own man in the Socratic circle. In his youth, he was a student of the Heraclitus-Kratila study group, where he became acquainted with the … Read more

Socrates

Bibliography Socrates was born in 469 BC. The son of the Athenian stonemason Sofronisk and the midwife Fenarethy. His first philosophical sayings came at the time of the era of Pericles, i.e. at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War. The conflict, which is ripe between slave democracy and aristocracy, in the second half of the … Read more

The system of philosophy of mathematics of Aristotle

K. Marx called Aristotle (384-322 BC) “the greatest philosopher of antiquity”. The main questions of philosophy, logic, psychology, natural science, technology, politics, ethics and aesthetics, posed in the science of ancient Greece, received from Aristotle full and comprehensive coverage. In mathematics, he apparently did not conduct specific research, but the most important aspects of mathematical … Read more

Platonic idealism

The works of Plato (427-347 BC) are a unique phenomenon in terms of highlighting a philosophical concept. This is a highly artistic, fascinating description of the very process of becoming a concept, with doubts and uncertainty, sometimes with unsuccessful attempts to resolve the question raised, with a return to the starting point, numerous repetitions, etc. … Read more

Pythagorean school

Based on the above study of the Milesian school, one can only be convinced of the active influence of the world view on the process of mathematical knowledge only with a radical change in the socio-economic conditions of society. However, questions remain open about whether the change in the philosophical basis of society’s life influences … Read more

Democritus. The doctrine of knowledge

The world, according to Democritus, is not created for the sake of man, and in the infinite Universe there are spaces without people. Man is also not a creation of the gods, but a product of nature. The earth, filled with moisture, saturated with atoms of fire, gave birth to grasses and plants, as well … Read more

Democritus. Wildlife development

About wildlife Democritus (judging by the titles) wrote in his writings: “On Nature”, “Small Myrostroy”, as well as in several books “Causes”. Not everything observed and seen by Democritus directly subordinated to the atomistic hypothesis, but always — to the causal understanding of the world. In the democratic picture of the world, the advanced for … Read more

The teachings of Democritus. Atomic picture of the world

The atomistic theory of Leucippus – Democritus was a natural result of the development of previous philosophical thought. In the atomistic system of Democritus, one can find parts of the basic materialistic systems of ancient Greece and the ancient east. Even the most important principles — the principle of the preservation of being, the principle … Read more

The materialism of ancient Greece. Democritus

The materialism of ancient Greece received its classic expression in the philosophical system of Democritus. Democritus, an eminent materialist of antiquity, created his own system of views at a different time than the Milesian philosophers, Heraclitus and the Eleatic. V century BC – This is the century of further strengthening and flourishing of the ancient … Read more

Zeno of Elea, his paradoxes and concepts of infinity

Pythagorean school Pythagoras founded a brotherhood of a religious, philosophical, and scientific nature with a political bias. The works, usually attributed to Pythagoras, refer not only to the legendary Pythagoras, but in general to the works of this school between 585 and 400 BC. In his cosmological concept, Pythagoras rejected the monistic idea of ​​the … Read more

Aristotle and the soul

What are the tasks of knowledge of the soul puts Aristotle? First of all, it is necessary to determine to what kind of (existing) soul and what it is; is it a definite thing; Does it relate to what exists in the opportunity? or rather, there is some entelechy (Greek entelechia – having a goal … Read more

Aristotle and his ideas

Aristotle was born in 384g. d.e. in the Greek city of Stagira. The deep provincial origin of Aristotle was compensated by the fact that he was the son of the famous physician Nicomachus. Being a doctor meant in ancient Greece to occupy a large social position, and Nikomah was known throughout Macedonia. Aristotle, according to … Read more

The Age of Enlightenment

Not a single culture up to the New Age could be said that the core and basis of its development was the search for individuality, the desire to understand and justify the independent dignity of a particular individual opinion, taste, talent, lifestyle, that is, the intrinsic value of difference. Having received the first impulses in … Read more

Erich Fromm “The Art of Love”

Erich Fromm was born in 1900 in Frankfurt, Germany. He was the only child of Jewish parents. Fromm grew up knowing two different worlds – Orthodox Jewish and Christian, where he occasionally encountered anti-Semitism. The Fromm family was far from ideal. He described his parents as “very neurotic,” and himself as “an unbearably neurotic child.” … Read more

The essence of love – the theme of philosophical reflection

In ethics, intimate and deep feelings, a special kind of consciousness, mental state and actions that are directed at another person, society, etc. are associated with the concept of love. The complexity and importance of love are dictated by the fact that it is focused in an organic compound physiological and spiritual, individual and social, … Read more

Theme of love in the philosophical culture of the new time

In the Renaissance, the theme of love flourished in an atmosphere of general, keen interest in everything earthly and human, freeing itself from the control of the church. “Love” returned to itself the status of a vital philosophical category, which it had in antiquity with Empedocles and Plato and which in the Middle Ages was … Read more

The ideal of love of the Christian-Byzantine world

If today, when the history of Christianity is already two thousand years old, we ask ourselves the question, what is its main contribution to human culture, then, almost without thinking, we can answer: the ideal of all-embracing love as the basis of human existence. Christianity immediately recognized itself as the carrier of a fundamentally new, … Read more

Philosophical love

Only in love and through love does a man become a man. Without love, he is an inferior being, devoid of real life and depth and unable to either act effectively or adequately understand others and himself. And if a person is a central object of philosophy, then the theme of human love, taken in … Read more

Use of Modeling in different branches of human knowledge and activities

Modeling in biology. The method of modeling in biology is a means to establish all the deeper and complex relationships between biological theory and experience. In the last century, an experimental method in biology began to run into certain boundaries, and it turned out that a whole series of studies was impossible without modeling. If … Read more

Philosophical aspects of modeling as a method of knowing the world

INTRODUCTION The growing interest of philosophy and methodology of knowledge to the topic of modeling was due to the value that the modeling method received in modern science, and especially in such sections as physics, chemistry, biology, cybernetics, not to mention many technical sciences. However, modeling as a specific means and form of scientific knowledge … Read more