If you want to make a description of a person, a characterization or even a single profile, a figure will aptly describe. It is a good thing for the individual characters of the respective protagonist to be worked out in detail. However, when writing, one tends to keep repeating. In order to save you this time, we would like to offer you an overview of different character traits, so that writing is easier and the person can be described in many different ways.
Month: September 2017
Charakterisierung
The characterization is first encountered at school, when it comes to describing the individual characters of a narrative or of a general text in more detail. This means that we elaborate the essential character traits of the actors in order to provide us with an overview of the essence and being of a character.
Cento
Cento is a text (often a poem) composed of verses, verses, verses, quotations, quotations and speeches as well as other text passages of well-known authors. Centos parodies the works, the parts they use, mostly not, but rather form a collage. They thus point to the intertextuality of literature (here: concrete references between texts).
Carpe diem
The Latin meaning of the word carpe diem, which allows the day to be translated and the day to be translated, goes back to the Ode An Leukonoë, which by the ancient poet Horaz, Chr was written. In the last verse of the Odestrophe the well-known word sequence is found. This represents an appeal to enjoy the scarce lifetime and not to postpone tomorrow. The saying has become the winged word and is partly also used as a day. This translation, however, does not fully meet Horace’s intention with the words carpe diem.
Captatio benevolentiae
Captio benevolentiae is a rhetorical stylistic device that can be found in all literary genres. Captio benevolentiae describes the fact that the author of a text – or the voice that precedes the actual text – turns directly to the receiver (reader, listener, spectator) with flattering words to ask him to accept the following in … Read more
Cantilène
As a cantilène, a short poem is described in mediaeval French literature which was intended for the sung lecture. The Cantilène is a variant of the Latin sequence, which describes a lyric, hymn-like singing, which means a texting of the Gregorian Hallelujah in church music. The Cantilène was mostly a sacred song that served the veneration of saints, or lyrical songs, which were an integral part of the Christian liturgy. Since the 13th century there have also been known as “Cantilène”, generally secular dance, love, complaint, or prize. Earlier, it was assumed that the same term was also an epic-lyrical heroic element, a precursor of the chanson de geste, one of the oldest narrative genres of French literature-this presumption is now contested.
Canción
Canción is a Spanish lyrical song which was one of the essential genres of the Spanish literature of the Middle Ages, which mostly dealt with religious themes or love. In the original form the Canción was intended for the lecture, but in the course of time it changed to a predominantly lyric poetry. As Canción trovadoresca described it in the 15./16. Century, a five-line, Trochaic silver. In the first verse, the poem was preceded by a motto, usually a proverb, with the following lines varying in this motto, which is called Volte. There are two lines of verse on the first (either 2nd and 4th or even 3rd and 5th). Since this form seems rather limited, the Canción was extended over time, then it consisted of a total of 12 lines, with the motto becoming four lines. Since the Renaissance, and especially through the influence of the canon (see poems), almost every stanza has been designated with this concept, and still later almost every popular member.
Byline
As Byline (Russian Bylina), also Starine, is called an epic heroic part of the Russian folk poetry. It usually comprises several hundred rhythmic lines, which were often rhymed and characterized by a central cascade. The Bylines are dealing with historical or legendary subjects of Russian history, some of which also contain mythological elements (see Mythos). Such bylines have their origins in the Middle Ages, although many new creations can still be found in the 16th century. They were traditionally performed in the chant, and were rarely accompanied by music. The Byline was spread by rushing gamblers (Skomorochi), handed down orally, and continued mainly in the Volksmund.
Bustrophedon
As bustrophedon, also sometimes boustrophedon, is meant a notation in which the direction of writing of the text changes in each line. In German, we use a horizontal right-hand font, which means that we write from left to right. If a German text bustrophedon was written, the following line would be written from right to left. This change of the direction of writing is particularly characteristic of ancient inscriptions, in which the direction of the text has sometimes been flexible and the alignment of the individual letters has not yet been clearly defined. This eliminates the reading of the line jump (see Enjambement).
Bürgerliches Trauerspiel
A bourgeois tragedy is a form of the drama, and consequently a thater genre, which was mainly the result of the Enlightenment (see Literaturepochen). It is essential for the bourgeois tragedy which shows the destiny of people who are bourgeois. This development was considered to be particularly important because, in the baroque period, the state clause prohibited citizens from being the protagonists of a tragedy, which is why it was reserved for the nobility. Bourgeois substances were shown above all in comedy (cf. play). In bourgeois tragedy the tragic conflict was then triggered by the strong antagonism of the social classes, which in turn overcame certain privileges of the estates, but their existence was strengthened to the same extent. This solving from the classical image of tragedy was also evident in the language. Instead of in verse, as usual in tragedy, the bourgeois tragedy was written in prose.
Bulletin
A bulletin was originally a daily report or a regular notice, and later an official bulletin. Since the eighteenth century, many periodicals have carried this title, ie periodical printed works (gazettes, journals, magazines, newspapers, and newspapers). In addition, the Bulletin refers to the official medical report of a person of public life. Today it is mostly an official statement. An example is the Epidemiological Bulletin of the Robert Koch Institute with official announcements and contributions.
Bühnenanweisungen
The stage remarks are the remarks of a poet, who is interspersed with the drama of a dramatic text (cf. literary genres), where he gives information about the stage design, appearance, equipment, gestures, mimicry, and the manner of speaking of the actors. In addition, such stage assignments can also describe the nature and protagonists of the protagonists, such as their tempo and behavior, where acoustic effects can also be mentioned here. Stage instructions are usually presented in italics, and are primarily intended for actors and directors to bring the respective work to the stage according to the respective poet. However, such information can also inspire the reader’s imagination.
Buchstabieren
The process of naming the individual letters of a word in succession is called spelling. People then spell out if they want to communicate the correct spelling of a word or phrase. As a rule, the letter is named by the letter name (C ~ Ce, F ~ Eff, J ~ Jot). However, the method is error-prone, as sounds can be overheard. Therefore, there are so-called spelling tables, which define a word for each letter.
Buchstabe
The letter is the character of a font. This character is representative of a sound, a sound sequence, or a loudspeaker of the respective language. Accordingly, letters are used for the transcription of a language. The entirety of the individual letters of a language yields the alphabet. The sounds (phonemes) are thus fixed in signs (graphems).
Buchrücken
The backside of a book is called Burchrück. This backside is visible when a book is on the shelf. The back of the book holds the book block by gluing or binding, and thus the individual pages of a book. A protective cover is often found around the back of the book, the folded ends of which are called flap text. The front of a book is called cover, front cover and front cover, the final book cover is called back cover.
Buchdeckel
The book covers are two parts of the book cover. The book covers protect the book block, ie the pages of the book, from damage, bumps and soiling. They are connected to each other by the bridge. One differentiates between front cover, also front cover and cover, which protects the front of the book and back cover. The book covers usually protrude somewhat over the book block and are for the purpose of the protection from harder materials (grain, cardboard).
Bramarbas
As Bramarbas is called a type figure of the drama. Bramarbas is a figure who likes to boast of her deeds and abilities, but in reality does nothing to justify this bragging. Consequently, it is a braggart and a mule, which usually appears in the rank of an officer in a play. The figure is clearly and for the first time named in the anonymous poem Cartell of B. to Don Quixote, which is found in the appendix of Johann Burckhardt Menckes’s essay, Vermischte Gedichte (1710). The figure type, however, is much older.
Brachylogie
Brachylogy is a concise and concise expression. Brachylogy, therefore, means the ability to achieve the maximum of meaning with a minimal word effort and thus to compact the effect of a literary text. It is therefore a stylistic device of rhetoric and resembles ellipse, aposiopesis, syllepse, apokoinu and Zeugma.
Botenbericht
The messenger report is a technical style as well as an aid in drama. This messenger report means the fact that a figure (messenger) informs the actors of the work as well as the spectator about a past event. This event is decisive for the further course of action, but can not be presented on the stage; either because the situation is too complex or contrary to the unity of place, time and action (see below).
Bonmot
Bonmot is a witty utterance, remark, or twist, a witty expression, or a joke word that fits perfectly in each occasion. Bonmot is found principally in the spoken language, whereby it can be conveyed in all literary genres by the figurative speech. The written correspondence is the aphorism.
Bluette
The Bluette, also Blüette, is a small, joke-spraying stage piece and, in the widest sense, a dramatic little thing or a small musical soundwork. But most of all, this is meant by the funny stage, which usually consists only of one act, partly of a satirical character, and is usually pointed to a point. The title is also used for a poem which is characterized by brevity and wit, and is also rarely applied to novellas.
Blaue Blume
The Blue Flower is considered an important symbol of Romanticism (cf. Literaturepochen) and is therefore also referred to as the Blue Flower of Romanticism. It represents the romantic longing for the unattainable, the infinite and the unconditioned, whereby it is often interpreted as a combination of man and nature. In addition, the Blue Flower has become a symbol of the wandering, which is equally characteristic of the epoch of romance. This motif can be traced back to an old German legend, which says that one could find the blue miracle-flower at night and was rewarded with it. Consequently, this miracle flower stands for a thing that is difficult to achieve but is longed for by many. This motif is taken up by Novalis, a German poet, in his novel fragment Heinrich von Ofterdingen. Henry, the protagonist of the work, is attracted by a blue flower, from which the longing symbol of Romanticism was derived.
Blankvers
A verse line is called a blank verse, which is non-semitic and has a five-legged jamb, with male as well as female cadences. Thus the blank verse is either composed of ten or eleven syllables, and, in contrast to the Alexandrian, has a moving caesura. We often find the blank verse in the drama and rarely in the lyric.
Binnenreim
A form of rhyme is called internal rhyme. In the inner rhyme, the words that rhyme with each other are in the sinner, that is, in the same line. Sometimes the term also refers to rhymes extending over two verses. Special forms are the middle rhyme, middle rhyme, inreim, rhyme rhyme, transient rhyme and rhyme rhyme.
Bildbeschreibung
The picture description is part of the German language course, but it is also used in the field of art and foreign languages. Furthermore, an image description may be a component of the text analysis in some subjects. The image description serves to capture an image in its entirety, whereby we should highlight the essential and most important features as detailed as possible. The description can be followed by an image analysis which goes even deeper into depth.
Biedermeier
A literature epoch is called a Biedermeier. This literary current can be found between the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) and the bourgeois revolution of 1848. Parallel to the rather conservative Biedermeier, the currents of the very liberal boy of Germany and the radical-democratic of Vormarz developed. All three currents are also referred to as the literature of the restoration epoch. The Biedermeier coined the literature, but also had a lasting impact on the culture and art of the bourgeoisie (clothing, music, architecture) that developed during this period. The literature of the Biedermeier is often referred to above as home-boring and conservative, with the escape into idyll and private being a typical epoch motif
Belletristik
Fiction and fiction are fiction. This is opposed to scientific and non-fictional texts. According to this, all works belonging to the literature of literature fall into the category of fiction. This applies to writings in prose, such as romances, novellas and short stories, but also dramas as well as lyrical products or comics.
Bathos
Bathos is a stylistic device that can be used in all kinds of texts. The Bathos combines a higher value with a lower value. Through this contrast, which creates the stylistic figure, comedy, as well as drasticity can be expressed. The term is used primarily in literary studies and German studies, whereas students are rarely confronted with it in German.
Barcarolle
The Barkarole is a boatman of the Venetian Gondolieri. Furthermore, the term has been used since the 19th century for instrumental as well as vocal compositions of European art music, which are based on the shape of the former barcarols. This means that they are calm and moderate, and should remind of the gondoliers’ wave and rudderry rhythm. The clock, mostly 6/8 or 12/8 time, more rarely also 2/4 time, gives a powerful rhythm.
Authority argument
An argument is a statement to prove and strengthen a statement (thesis). The greater the quality of the arguments that are found for a thesis, the stronger it is. An authority argument is an argument that refers to verifiable statements by professionals as well as persons with significant influence in an area → argument types.
Autograph
Autographs, autographs, are the descriptive descrip- tions of a composer, author, poet, artist or other well-known personality from politics, science, art, literature and history. Under autographs, an autograph is considered to be particularly valuable if, in addition to the person’s manuscript, it also bears its signature. Since the 17th century in France and England, as well as the 18th century in Germany, such autographs have been specifically collected as a material reminder of a well-known personality. The sole signature, which is not next to a lecture, is called an autograph.
Declarative sentence
As a statement, also a declarative sentence, a proposition theorem, a narrative sentence, or a constant theorem, a sentence is designated in German which makes an assertion or assertion. Excerpts thus make a statement about a fact which can be true or false. In German, one differentiates sentences, call rates, question sets, wish phrases and exclamation sentences. This distinction is necessary because the position of the predicate varies according to the type of sentence. In the exposition the finite verb is in second place, ending with a point or a comma, the intonation is falling, and the mode is indicative or subjunctive (see types of sentences).
Edition of last hand
In the literary sciences, the last edition of the book refers to the last edition of his works published in the lifetime of an author, which is approved, approved and therefore binding. The term is generally only applicable to texts.
Actorial narrator
In literary studies one differentiates in four narrative perspectives, which offer different perspectives on the narrated history. We can divide between the so-called I-narrator, a personal, neutral, and the authorial narrator. To the last mentioned narrative perspective it is to go in this contribution.
Eye Rhyme
The eye rhyme is a rhyme style. The rhyme rhymes rhymes of rhymes, which rhyme only in an ortograph, but are not exactly identical. This means that the sequence of the individual letters of the rhymes’ syllables is identical, but they are pronounced completely differently. For example, the noun track, if it is pronounced in English, forms an eye-rimmed with the last syllable of the German word rucksack. It is a special form of the impure rhyme.
Appearance
The appearance of a performer in front of an audience is described as an appearance. This performance can take place on a stage, in the film, in the theater or during a musical performance. In terms of the drama, the performance also means a structure unit, representing the smallest structural unity of the drama. The drama is usually divided into acts, which in turn are broken down into scenes. In German plays, these acts are sometimes referred to as an elevator and the scenes as a performance. For example, Maria Stuart, a drama by the poet Friedrich Schiller, consists of five acts (acts) consisting of 52 performances (scenes). If the figure constellation changes on the stage and the actors change, the performance is over. The counterpart of the performance is the finish.
Asyndeton
Asyndeton is a stylistic device of rhetoric, which encounters us in texts of all kinds and literary genre. The asyndeton is a list (→ enumeratio) of at least three words or phrases, which are equated and not connected by a conjunction (link). In principle, however, larger parts of the sentence are also conceivable. The counterpart is the Polysyndeton.
Assonance
The assonance is a rhyming form and a stylistic device of rhetoric. Assonance meets us primarily in lyrical texts, but can appear in works of all kinds and genres. The assonance is a vocal half-rhyme, which means that in neighboring words a consonance of the suits (vowels, a, e, i, o, u, ä, ö, ü, eu, au) is found.
Argument types
Whoever makes a thesis (assertion) must somehow justify it. The meaning or strength of a thesis depends on the arguments, that is, the evidence, which can be found for them. In this context one speaks also of the quality of the arguments. There are different ways to argue. In this article we would like to present typical arguments. These are referred to as argument types.
Archaism
Archaism is a word that disappears from language because it is no longer needed and is commonly regarded as old-fashioned. If archaisms are deliberately used in rhetoric, they are regarded as stylistic means. Archaism can be used as a distancing, ironic or even pathetic, that is, exaggerated and imposed.
Apronym
Aprony is a special form of the acronym. An acronym is used to denote short words, which are formed from the initial letters of several words (World Cup World Championship). If the initial letters themselves form a separate word from the vocabulary, this is referred to as Apronym (example: ELSTER-ELECTONIC STERRING).
Appeal
The appeal was originally the sign given with the drum or trumpet, on whose sound soldiers assembled, and also the orderly arrangement of soldiers. In linguistics, the appeal is part of interpersonal communication. This means the urgent and provocative reminder or a call and a call in general.
Apotheosis
As an apotheosis, the deification or glorification of a man, that is to say mortal, is called God or even half-God. It was customary, especially in antiquity, to explain living rulers to divinity, which sometimes legitimized legitimate rule. In ancient times a ceremony, which explains the mortal to God, is called an apotheosis. The apotheosis stands opposite the reincarnation, which means the rebirth of a saint or god.
Apostrophe
The apostrophe is a stylistic device of rhetoric and means the solemn or emphasized salutation to an imaginary object or an absent person. The apostrophe can thus be found in all literary genres, even though we can rather discover them in spoken utterances, such as drama or speech (→ speech analysis)
Aposiopesis
As apostrophe is a rhetorical stylistic device, which can appear in all literary genres. Aposiopese means the breaking of a sentence before the essential is said. This must be developed by the recipient himself. The stylistic means is therefore a kind of brachyogy as well as a form of the ellipse and serves the dynamization of a dialogue.
Aporie
The impossibility of solving a philosophical question, because there are contradictions, is designated as aporia. If a thing is aporetic, one obtains contradictory or contradictory results if it is to be solved or answered. In rhetoric, the aporia is also known as a stylistic device similar to Dubitatio. Here, the speaker is looking for a solution to a seemingly hopeless problem. It also means the doubt of a concrete fact.
Apophthegm
The apophthegma is a short, apt statement of meaning. The apophthegma often ends with a pointe and is written in prose. Consequently, aphorisms, sentences, proverbs, and bonmots are always apophthegms, with a similarity to the anecdote or the epigram. In the ancient world extensive collections of such utterances were made by Plutarch, the publisher Manutius and later by Erasmus of Rotterdam.
Apocope
The apocope is a rhetorical stylistic medium and encounters us in texts of all kinds and literary genre. The apocope is the omission of the last letter or the last syllables of a word. Thus, the apocope can be used to vary the linguistic sound, to change the dynamics of the speech, or to maintain a certain metrum.
Apokoinu construction
Apokoinu is a stylistic device of rhetoric that can be encountered in any literary genre. The Apokoinu is a stylistic figure of the word-saving and serves the scarcity as well as artistic brevity. Here, a word or phrase also refers to two other parts. Frequently the individual word is in the middle of an utterance and refers to the preceding and the following. The figure is a form of Brachylogy and is related to Ellipse as well as to Zeugma.
Antonym
Antonym is a linguistic counter-word, also an opposition word. Accordingly, the antonym means a word whose meaning is the absolute antithesis, that is, the exact opposite of another word. In the literature, Antonyms are used mainly in paradoxa, oxymora or antithesis. However, there is not a corresponding antonym for each term. Not to be confused are antonyms with counterparts. The counterpart is a counterpart, that is, something which, while the content is the same, is assigned to a different domain or (cultural) space.