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Proto-oncogenes Proto-oncogenes are genes that help cells grow frequently. When a proto-oncogene mutates or there are too many copies of it, it becomes a “bad” gene that can become permanently turned on or activated when it is not supposed to be. This creates the cell to grow out of control, which can lead to cancer. … Read more
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.During the process of meiosis one cell divides two times to form four daughter cells. These four daughter cells only have … Read more
“ Before delving into the adverse effects of changes of pH in our body it’s important to understand what pH is. pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration or how acidic or alkaline a substance is on a scale ranging from 1 to 14. In fact the different parts of our body have varied … Read more
There are 4 major types of blood A, B, AB, and O. What blood you have depends on what antigen is on red cells and what antibody in the plasma; more on that later. Blood type is hereditary and which one you have, depends on your parents. If both parents have A blood type, the … Read more
The apoplastic pathway or also knowned as a non-living pathways provides a direction toward the vascular stele through free spaces and cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. In addition,the apoplastic route allows direct access to the xylem and phloem along the margins of secondary roots. Secondary roots formed from the pericycle, a cell layer … Read more
It is the cells in tissues that are responsible to mechanical forces. It is now well recognized that mechanical forces play a fundamental role in the regulation of cell functions, including gene induction, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, migration, death, and differentiation, which are essential to maintain tissue homeostasis and functions such as in muscle, bone, … Read more
HeLa is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. Its scientific name is Helacyton gartleri. It came from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta lacks who died of her cancer on October 4, 1951. Henrietta’s … Read more
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.During the process of meiosis one cell divides two times to form four daughter cells. These four daughter cells only have … Read more
