This movie talks about the crusades to gain Jerusalem back from the Moslem army that was lead by the great sultan Saladin. At the beginning of the movie the Moslems hear about the misfortunate Moslems that are treated badly in Jerusalem, consequently, Saladin takes over Jerusalem in a battle with the Christian leader Rhene who was in charge of these actions of killing the Moslems. Rhenes widow goes to Europe seeking help from all the Christian kings, claiming that Moslems kicked the Christians out of Jerusalem and killed there women and children.
The European kings prepare a crusade, lead by Richard the lion heart, king of England. Most of the kings didnt think only of having revenge for their fellow Christians. But they think of keeping the treasures of the orient from being lost to Saladin. The crusaders won many battles on their way to Jerusalem, killing many Moslems, by the use of an invincible towers that resists flamed arrows. Consequently, the Moslem leader Saladin t! hinks of a way to trick the enemy army, by leading them to a trap. The Moslem leader succeeds in his mission, winning the battle and killing many of the Christians army.
The scene begins as the Richard watches the dead bodies of his army at night, then he enters the tent where the meeting among the kings, and then tries to oppose the decision of having a truce with Saladin. The Christian kings are gathered in a tent where they are discussing their status after the last battle, which they were defeated. Richard asks the European kings in their meeting the importance of having a truce with the Muslims. Saying that Saladin is not an easy enemy to defeat, and that we underestimated his cleverness in the issues of war.
A French Nobel knight says we still have time to teach Saladin a lesson. Richard mumbles saying too many dead Christian bodies every where I look. The king of France, (king Feelebe), says that a truce is just wasting time, so we have to continue moving towards Jerusalem. The Nobel French knight says our forces are winning and we should continue moving towards Jerusalem, Richard says in sorrow, that time belongs to the tortured people who values life because they face death every day not like the kings. Who are safe from harm.
Christina, Rhenes widow, replies, our forces are winning and our prove is that we occupied lots of Arabic states as we are moving towards Jerusalem, in the last few months. Richard speaks in anger and tells her what about the victims, we need a truce to give us more time to plan well, also to re-enforce our forces. Feelebe king ! of France loudly speaks in a serious manner, a new plan would take more time, and we dont have that. Richard argues shouldnt we consider the number of the thousands of the Christian that are being killed. Then Richard threatens that he will widow his forces if the kings dont approve the truce idea.
Christina whispers to the king of France, saying that there is no chance for them in winning the war without Richard. King of France (Feleebe), says if we all think as Richard thinks then we will not retrieve Jerusalem in the right time. King Richard gets angry. The rest of the kings support the French king (Feleebe). Finally they have a truce. Toulmins model is applied to that scene, (Stephen, British philosopher), Toulmin’s model is a popular pattern of message organization, which is based on an analysis of the way in which people actually make decisions.
Text 228-229) Toulmins pattern is valuable because it represents how do the people thinks. Consequently it allows analyzing the very complex argument and to be placed into an effective message. Toulmins pattern has six elements. Shown in an example studied from the text. The elements are: The Sources are (Feleebe the French king, the French knight, Christina the widow of the ex-ruler of Jerusalem). The Receivers are Richard and the rest of the Christian kings in the meeting) Here, the message is two-sided, face to face verbal communication. Between the sources and Richard, making the rest of the kings to be the audience.
Evidence any data, observations, personal opinions, case histories, or other information relevant to the issue under construction, in the example from the text the federal deficit is up and in the scene that I picked, the evidence is that the crusaders are winning many battles in the last few months before the Muslim sultan tricked them and won and these are facts viewed in earlier scenes of the movie. In addition, Christina mentioned it, and if they gave Saladin time he will not leave them a chance to get Jerusalem back, confirming her evidence the king of France and the French knight.
Also, King Richard said, we shouldnt underestimate Saladins cleverness in battle issues. Claim: the statement that the communicator wishes the people to believe. In the example from the text, the claim is we must reduce it by $75 billion a year. And in the scene the claim is motivational, we should continue to move towards Jerusalem, and not to have a truce with Saladin, in order to win this Holy war. As we observe from the scene, most of the European, Christian kings oppose Richard, and ask him to join them in their decision of continuing to move towards Jerusalem, no matter what the consequences are.
And we observe that from the intensive reply by the king of France that crusade shall continue no mater what Richard things about the truce, and about the Christian solders and victims. Warrant: is the link between the evidence and claim, which is a statement showing why people ought to accept the sources conclusion. In the example study, which was illustrated in the text, the warrant is defect causes inflation. And from the scene, Saladin is not an easy enemy to defeat, consequently if the crusades pauses Saladin will gain strength and thin would be a benefit to the Muslims.
Jerusalem would be in the crusaders hands if they continue to move towards Jerusalem without any stopping or having a truce. As observed from the scene, the king of France said that the truce is a waste of time, so the crusades should not hold for truce. In addition, the French knight said that there is still plenty of time left, and they can teach Saladin a lesson. The French king also mentioned at the end of the scene that if the rest of the kings thought as Richard thinks, there would be no hope to have Jerusalem back.
Support of warrant: historical data, statistical materials, or analogies from other situations can support warrants. From the example illustrated in the text, the support of warrant is there is too much money in the circulation. And from the scene, the support of warrant is that the treasures of the orient might be lost to Saladin, we can observed that as some of the leaders talk about it in earlier scenes at the beginning of forming the crusades. Also a support of warrant is that the forces of the crusaders are wining, as observed from the scene, The widow Christina mentions it.
Reservation to the claim: it sets out any limitations that the source wishes to place to the claim, conditions under which the claim should or should not be accepted. In the example illustrated in the text the reservation to the claim is that unless the Russians increase their defense. >From the scene, the reservation to the claim is that unless Richard withdraw his army from the crusades, we shall continue to move to Jerusalem, as observed from the scene, the widow Christina whispers to Feleebe, the king of France that there is no chance for them in winning the war without the army of Richard and without Richards leadership.
The kings agree to have truce observing that from as they sign a treaty of peace in later scenes. And here we can observe that the reservation to the claim has reached its limit. Finally we come to the qualifier, which is the use of some adjective that softens or modifies the claim. In addition adding the qualifier makes it easier for the receiver to accept the claim. The qualifier, from the example in the book is, what the researchers added to the simple argument: we must cut the government spending by approximately $75 billion a year.
From the scene, we can say, the qualifier is that the forces of the crusaders are winning, and the evidences that many of the Arabian states are occupied by the crusaders in the last few battles. Observing that from the scene as the widow Christina tells it to Richard, with a degree of confidence in her voice tone. finally we see that Toulmin pattern is almost applicable to most arguments. In addition, in that scene the reservation of the claim has reached its limit, and the source was not able to convince the receivers to change their behavior and comply with their arguments.
