General term for the processes by which human beings fashion tools and Machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment. The Term is derived from the Greek words tekhne, which refers to an art or craft, and logia, Meaning an area of study; thus, technology means, literally, the study, or science, of Crafting. As technology evolves, scientist and historians say that technology grows at A geometric rate without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These Innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected Social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a Destructive process.
Technology Has been evolving with us since the beginning of the Prehistoric age, from the simplest off tools of the cave men to the now present future. Electronic fiber optic cables and the computerized artificial intelligence. Technology is Very important in our society, with out it we would not be able to survive in our ever Changing society. Imagine is someone didn’t invent transportation. We would have not Discovered the other continents. Or not having the technology to cope with our ever Growing population. We would have run out of enough supply of food to feed ourselves. How about if cave men didn’t discover fire?
We would have not survive even just for a Day. All these things we owe to technology, so we must harness what it has to offer Inventions That Have Changed Our Lives: In the field of communication one of the most famous and useful invention In our modern society is the telephone. Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, he has Made our life so much easier and more productive. Saying that he has made an impact To society would be an understatement. These telephones transmit electronic pulses That would then be converted to sound that is comprehendible to us humans, but These telephones are big and bulky and they need wires to transmit these pulses.
Then Came the invention called A cellular telephone that designed to give the user maximum Freedom of movement while using a telephone. A cellular telephone uses radio signals To communicate between the set and an antenna. The served area is divided into cells something like a honeycomb, and an antenna is placed within each cell and connected by telephone lines to one exchange devoted to cellular telephone calls. This exchange connects cellular telephones to one another or transfers the call to a regular exchange if the call is between a cellular telephone and a noncellular telephone.
The special ellular exchange, through computer control, selects the antenna closest to the telephone when service is requested. As the telephone roams, the exchange automatically determines when to change the serving cell based on the power of the radio signal received simultaneously at adjacent sites. This change occurs without interrupting conversation. Practical power considerations limit the distance between the telephone and the nearest cellular antenna, and since cellular phones use radio signals, it is very easy for unauthorized people to access communications carried out over cellular phones.
Currently, digital cellular phones are gaining in popularity because the radio signals are harder to intercept and decode. Also the fast growing popular video phones that work like a normal telephone but includes the ability to transmit videos through the use of a small camera. although these video phones are not yet popular in our present society. they will soon be in every home in the world. not all inventions that where once practical remain practical. one example are the invention of pagers.
The ICQ basically works just like a pager. but with so much more, you can exchange files, chat, play games and so on. lso there is the IRC or Internet chat. these programs are just like the two programs but it is done in real time and the amount of people you can talk to at a time is The television is one invention that is certainly very much used today. A Television has a variety of applications in society, business, and science. The most common use of television is as a source of information and entertainment for viewers in their homes. Security personnel also use televisions to monitor buildings, manufacturing plants, and numerous public facilities.
Public utility employees use television to monitor the condition of an underground sewer line, using a camera attached to a robot arm or remote-control vehicle. Doctors can probe the interior of a uman body with a microscopic television camera without having to conduct major surgery on the patient. Educators use television to reach students throughout the world. there are basically two forms of television used today they are the satellite and the cable television. the satellite t. v. transmits channels through the use of satellites. while a cable t. v. uses cables to send channels.
Although these are also sent through satellites to a cable operator and then digested through cables to our t. v. soon television will be intertwined with the net. you can surf and watch television at same time using a cable or a satellite. he new televisions that are being sold to the market are now laced with new features like PnP and automatic adjusting color t. v. s that People use computers in a wide variety of ways. In business, computers track inventories with bar codes and scanners, check the credit status of customers, and transfer funds electronically.
In homes, tiny computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most appliances control the indoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time, and turn videocassette recorders on and off. Computers in automobiles regulate the flow of fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage. Computers also entertain, creating digitized sound on stereo systems or computer-animated features from a digitally encoded laser disc. also the use of the internet with virtually infinite possibilities through the use of interconnected computers.
Computer programs, or applications, exist to aid every level of education, from programs that teach simple addition or sentence construction to advanced calculus. Educators use computers to track grades and prepare notes; with computer-controlled projection units, they can add graphics, sound, and animation to their lectures. Computers are used extensively n scientific research to solve mathematical problems, display complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical to build, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of space shuttles.
The military employs computers in sophisticated communications to encode and unscramble messages, and to keep The use of immunization to prevent disease predated the knowledge of both infection and immunology. In China in approximately 600 BC, smallpox material was inoculated through the nostrils. Inoculation of healthy people with a tiny amount of material from smallpox sores was first attempted in England in 1718 and later in America. Those who survived the inoculation became immune to smallpox. American statesman Thomas Jefferson traveled from his home in Virginia to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to undergo this risky procedure.
A significant breakthrough came in 1796 when British physician Edward Jenner discovered that he could immunize patients against smallpox by inoculating them with material from cowpox sores. Cowpox is a far milder disease that, unlike smallpox, carries little risk of death or disfigurement. Jenner inserted matter from cowpox sores into cuts he made on the arm of a healthy eight- ear-old boy. The boy caught cowpox. However, when Jenner exposed the boy to smallpox eight weeks later, the child did not contract the disease. The vaccination with cowpox had made him immune to the smallpox virus.
Today we know that the cowpox virus antigens are so similar to those of the smallpox virus that they trigger the body’s defenses against both diseases. In 1885, Louis Pasteur created the first successful vaccine against rabies for a young boy who had been bitten 14 times by a rabid dog. Over the course of ten days, Pasteur injected progressively more virulent rabies rganisms into the boy, causing the boy to develop immunity in time to avert death from this disease. Another major milestone in the use of vaccination to prevent disease occurred with the efforts of two American physician-researchers.
In 1954 Jonas Salk introduced an injectable vaccine containing an inactivated virus to counter the epidemic of poliomyelitis. Subsequently, Albert Sabin made great strides in the fight against this paralyzing disease by developing an oral vaccine containing a live weakened virus. Since the introduction of the Sabin vaccine in 1961, polio has been early eliminated in many parts of the world. As more vaccines are developed, a new generation of combined vaccines are becoming available that will allow physicians to administer a single shot for multiple diseases.
Work is also under way to develop additional orally administered vaccines and vaccines for sexually transmitted diseases. Possible future vaccines may include, for example, one that would temporarily prevent pregnancy. Such a vaccine would still operate by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack antigens, but in this case the antigens would be those of the ormones that are necessary for pregnancy. The German chemist Felix Hoffman synthesized the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid also called aspirin in 1893 in response to the urging of his father, who took salicylic acid for rheumatism.
Aspirin is currently the first-choice drug for fever, mild to moderate pain, and inflammation due to arthritis or injury. Of the few anesthetic agents known to the ancients, opium and hemp were the most important. Both were taken by ingestion or by burning the drug and inhaling the smoke. Nitrous oxide, discovered by the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy about 800, was first used as an anesthetic in 1844 by the American dentist Horace Wells. In 1842 the American surgeon Crawford Long successfully used ethyl ether as a general anesthetic during surgery.
He failed to publish his findings, however, and credit for the discovery of the anesthetic properties of ether was given to the American dentist William Morton, who in 1846 publicly demonstrated its use during a tooth extraction. In 1847 the British physician Sir James Simpson discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform. Many other general anesthetics have since been discovered. ithout these medicines it would be hard for us to cope with the deseases that come our way. Radioactive Therapy and Diagnosis: (Radiology) Radiology had its origin in the discovery of X rays by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895.
Roentgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in physics for his work. Medical images have subsequently been produced by means of other forms of radiant energy. Thus, ultrahigh-frequency sound waves may be so used and in the technique called magnetic resonance imaging, the images are obtained by recording the difference in relaxation time of tissue nuclei in an electromagnetic field. For this reason the term medical imaging has been proposed as more accurate than the traditional term diagnostic radiology.
Therapeutic radiology, also referred to as radiation oncology, has as its principal basis the use of ionizing radiation. Increasingly common, however, is the use in conjunction with radiation therapy of other forms of treatment, such as hyperthermia. all these radioactive procedures are same they just vary in the intensity of radiation they use. chemoteraphy for example is letting the patient be bombarded with radiation to treat cancerus cells that have invaded a persons body.
The CT scaner and the MRI scaner are both machines use to diagnose people to find out whats wrong with there body. or some deseases can’t be detected by just looking at a persons physical aspect. these desises are internal and must be diagnosed and trated with radiation for them to be seen. Handguns, or pistols, as they are also known, were not popular until after the development of the wheel lock, the first practical mechanical ignition device, in the first half of the 16th century. Most early handguns were too cumbersome to be carried in a holster by anyone on foot, and the short barrels limited their accuracy and the distance they could propel bullets.
As a result, handguns were primarily used by cavalry troops in what amounted to hit-and-run tactics. As ignition systems were improved, it became possible to reduce the overall size and weight of handguns, until during the 18th century they became equally popular for use by foot soldiers. From the last half of the 17th century to the first quarter of the 19th century, most European and United States military handguns had flintlock. nd barrels 23 to 30 cm. in length; smaller pocket handguns were also made for civilian use.
No significant improvements were made, however, until after 1836, when the American inventor Samuel Colt patented a revolver design combining the metal percussion cap, interchangeable mass-produced parts, and the revolving cylinder, which rotated and locked automatically when the hammer was cocked. Improvements in ammunition were introduced with the development of the self-primed metallic cartridge in the mid-19th century. Minor improvements in revolver design continued until the beginning of the 20th century, when emphasis in development was redirected to the magazine-loaded semiautomatic handgun.
Since then, the semiautomatic has steadily gained in popularity and is now the primary military handgun of the world. It is gradually replacing the revolver for police use. Modern semiautomatic handguns carry two or three times more ammunition than revolvers and are faster to reload. Their flat configuration generally makes them easier to conceal. Even with the increased ammunition capacity, using newly developed lightweight materials makes their loaded weight about the same as that of older designs.
Proponents of revolvers claim greater accuracy, reliability, and safety, however, so it is unlikely that semiautomatics will totally replace revolvers. In fact, muzzle-loading pistols and revolvers continue to be used for sport and specialized worldwide competition. also bombs are used in todays world to protect nations from invading ones. nd thus came the invention In the early 1970s new types of conventional bombs, the so-called smart or guided bombs, were developed for precision bombing in Vietnam.
Maneuverable bombs guided by a laser beam directed from the aircraft and reflected from the target can destroy such targets as tanks or emplacements on contact. Other types can be designed to guide themselves to targets radiating heat, such as power plants, or can be guided to the target from the delivery aircraft. In the latter case the bomb transmits a picture of the target picked up by an on-board television camera. Remote operating devices can then guide the bomb into direct contact with a bridge, for example, or other objective.
Laser-guided bombs can be used at night; television-camera guided weapons are limited to daylight use, however. and The A-bomb was developed, constructed, and tested by the Manhattan Project, a massive United States enterprise that was established in August 1942, during World War II. Many prominent American scientists including the physicists Enrico Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and the chemist Harold Urey, were associated with the project, which was headed by a U. S. Army engineer, Major General Leslie Groves. ese forms of weaponry may be destructive in most cases but they do play a vital role in protecting ones self in the society we live in.
The advantages and disadvantages of technology: Technology plays a vital role in our society. without it we can’t evolve and cope up with the ever changing world we live in. some of its advantages are the increase in efficiency and productivity of how we do and manage things. we can do things twice as fast and twice more efficient than we did a century ago. and this makes up for the growing population of the world, so that everyone may have enough to support themselves and satisfy there needs.