William Faulkner elected to write Barn Burning from his young character Sartys perspective because his sense of morality and decency would present a more plausible conflict in this story. Abner Snopes inability to feel the level of remorse needed to generate a truly moral predicament in this story, sheds light on Sartys efforts to overcome the constant pull of blood(277) that forces him to remain loyal to his father. As a result, this reveals the hidden contempt and fear Sarty has developed over the years because of Abners behavior.
Sartys struggle to maintain an understanding of morality while clinging to the fading idolization of a father he fears, sets the tone for a chain of events that results in his liberation from Abners destructive defiance-but at a costly price. Sartys dilemma arises from his fathers destructive envy of his wealthy employers. Abner Snopes frustration with being a poor sharecropper owned body and soul(280) by the Souths rich and elite leads him to exact his revenge on the undeserving blue bloods in the only way he knows how-by burning down their barns.
While Sartys loyalty to Abner is proven after a court hearing held by his fathers enemy . . . our enemy . . . ourn! mine and hisn both,(277) after which he challenges and is beaten by a boy half again his size(278) because the boy called his father a barn burner(278) he is left to make a critical decision between saving his family or his own morality. What prompts Sarty to betray his own moral character is his fear of Abner, who he describes as the black, flat, and bloodless . . . voice harsh like tin and without heat like tin(279).
Time and again, Sarty has witnessed Abners propensity for inflicting fiery devastation upon wealthy people like Mr. Harris in a warped attempt to even the score. He is even more afraid of losing his fathers trust after Abner hits him hard but with out heat(280) not for telling the truth, but for wanting to. Sarty is conscious of the fact that if Abner knew his desire for truth, justice, he would have hit(280) him again and that Abners recommendation that he learn to stick to his own blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you(280) is more of a threat rather than fatherly advice.
Sarty learns to stifle any qualms he has and overlook his own developing morals in order to defend his fathers cold-blooded attacks. In the face of Abners outrage and savagery and lust(286) and the ever-present conflict these emotional outbursts cause, Sartys sense of obligation to his father out weighs his desire to run on and on and never look back(286). He hopes being forced out of town will transform the side of Abner that possesses an inherent [ly] voracious prodigality with material not his own(279) and he will be satisfied once and for all.
As father and son walk within sight of an impressive manor big as a courthouse(280) owned by Major de Spain, a wealthy landowner with whom Abner has struck a deal to farm corn on his land, Sarty knows at once that they are safe from him(280). His fathers ravening(281) envy could not possibly touch these people whose lives are part of this peace and dignity(281). But, Abner is seething with jealous rage(281) at the sight of the de Spain manor and once again, Sarty sees that familiar quality of something . . . ruthless . . . depthless(281) emerge.
Sartys piece of mind falters as he witnesses Abner walking an undeviating course(281) towards the de Spain manor with horse manure steaming from his shoes and a ruthless(281) glint in his eyes. He worries that Abner will revert back to barn burning as a way to ease his anger at feeling inferior and defeated by the aristocratic society he been a slave to. Sartys ever-present optimism that his father will change makes the audience almost sympathetic to Abners ferocious conviction(279) that there is none more deserving of economic independence than him and his family.
Sartys hope that starting over in a new town will transform Abner from what maybe he couldnt help but be(281) dissipates as he watches his father storm into the de Spain manor without heat and fling the door back and the Negro . . . and enter . . . his hat still on his head(281) ready for a confrontation. Sarty nervously watches his father stand amid the glitter of chandeliers and. . . muted gold frames(281) his shaggy iron-gray brows(281) absorbing the fine furnishings an expensive paintings displayed throughout the room in deliberate silence, ignoring Miss Lulas repeated pleas for him to please go away(281).
Sarty can see the quiet contempt building in Abner. Over the years he has witnessed his father repeatedly endure a sense of emasculation by not being a good provider for his family. Sarty understands that standing in this room with so many expensive, useless possessions only reminds Abner of his own failure as a man, husband, and father. He recognizes that his father cant possibly compete with the de Spains at their level of excellence, so he must bring them down to his level. In a deliberate act of rebellion, Abner drags a final long and fading smear(281) of manure across the rug, never once bothering to glance down.
Through the dozens of moves and the court hearings, Sartys love for his father never diminishes. Though Abner is hardly a man to be admired, Sarty does his best to be supportive and understanding. If Abner see that regardless of his actions he will still have the loyalty and devotion of his son, maybe he will stop trying to be so vengeful. When Major de Spain confronts Abner about the additional damage to the rug demanding restitution in the form of 20 bushels of corn because the rug cost one hundred dollars . but you never had a hundred dollars . . . you never will,(283) Sarty immediately tries to reassure Abner-You done the best you could(283).
He wants to run to him, to stand by him and show his support, but stops suddenly out of fear as he gets a glimpse of the inscrutable face, the shaggy brows beneath which the gray eyes glinted coldly(283). When Sarty encounters the Justice of the Peace during the trial in which Abner sues Major de Spain, he sent one glare of fierce, exultant, partisan defiance(284).
Even when the Justice finds in favor of Major de Spain, still awarding him reduced damages in the sum of 10 bushels of corn, Sarty sides with his father He wont get no ten bushels neither. He wont get one(285). Sarty realizes the judgment is a blow to Abners pride and hopes that voicing his outrage at the award will appease him. His actions are critical if he is to thwart any notion that Abner is looking to feed his appetite for destruction. But, Abner seems calm, his voice almost pleasant, almost gentle(285) when he replies You think so?
Well, well wait till October anyway(285). Sarty is optimistic that Abner will not seek revenge for his embarrassment at the hands of Major de Spain as he sits on the porch gazing out into the night until the sound of all his hopes and fears shatters the silence Abner! No! No! Oh, God(286). Sarty whirls around to see his mother desperately trying to stop Abner from pouring kerosene into a 5-gallon container her face the same quality of hopeless despair as had been in her voice(286). The moment Sarty has always feared has arrived.
The building chaos of his mothers pleading and his fathers demands for him to go get that oil(286) swim through his head as he runs to the stable. This is it! Searching for any shred of decency in his fathers face, Sarty hands Abner the can, as appeals to him to send Major de Spain a warning Aint you even going to send a nigger? (286). Abner grabs him stooping at him in breathless and frozen ferocity, the cold, dead voice(286) spewing orders to the older brother and drags him to his mother.
Take hold of him . . . if he gets loose . . . will go up yonder(286). With that final utterance, Sartys urgency increases as he struggles against his mothers grip crying Lemme go! I dont want to have to hit you! (286). Running for his life, Sarty knows he must stop him from burning down the barn. All the times he stood by and defended Abner, knowing it was wrong, wondering how he could have ever allowed himself to be so blind, flash through his mind as he runs, desperate to catch up to Abner. [H]is heart and lungs drumming,(287) he continues running to stop his father, to save him from himself.
As last, Sarty makes it to de Spains house and warns him of his fathers intent. His moment of truth setting into motion a chain reaction of events that Sarty is unable to halt. He runs down the drive blood and breath roaring(287) trying to make his way to the barn and his father. His grief at betraying his father is outweighed only by his need to get to him. So, he runs harder, faster than ever and then knowing it was too late,(287) Sarty hears the shots. Bang . . . . . Bang! Bang! And it is over. The night is quiet save for the distant echo of a young boys agonizing screams Father!
Father! (287) Sarty spent his entire life hiding behind the unspoken rule that blood is thicker than water. But, in the face of having to decide whether he should continue to overlook Abners amoral behavior, he chooses not to. Even though he tries to understand Abners reasoning, in his heart he cannot condone it. In a situation where Sarty-the child would be frightened to stand up against his father, Sarty-the man is not. It is unfortunate that he had to lose a father in order to regain his sense of morality, but in light of the situation he was in, it can be agreed, that he is better off.
