Healthy people 2020 objectives related to adolescent is to reduce use of cigarettes use by adolescents by 3. 5 percent and the initiation of cigarette use by 2 percent. Another goal would be to reduce the number of adolescents that are exposed to cigarette smoke by 4. 5 percent. Statistics from Healthy People 2020 show that in 2008 and 2009 19. 5 percent of adolescents were current smokers, 6. 3 percent had just begun smoking in the past 12 months, and 45. 5 percent of adolescents who do not smoke were exposed to secondhand smoke (Healthy people 2020, 2017).
We believe the overall goal for this population is to ncrease their knowledge of tobacco’s negative effects on their health. The purpose of education on this topic would be to reduce the number of people who use these products, which would increase the population’s overall health by helping reduce secondhand smoke exposure. The nursing diagnosis that suited our population and the goals stated by Healthy People 2020 is readiness for enhanced knowledge based on the general population’s shown interest in the effects of smoking on their health.
The population has shown interest in further education by attending support groups, trying alternatives to obacco use, and getting involved in information resources such as apps, commercials, and online education programs. When patients show interest in quitting, us as nurses can guide them by introducing the resources and options available to them. Having the readiness to better one’s health habits is the first and most crucial part to reducing risk factors for chronic disease related to tobacco.
Intervention Healthy People 2020 established interventions that are currently in place by the CDC such as increasing the cost of tobacco, implementing smoke free policies, increasing the use f cessation treatment both in and out of clinics, use of anti- tobacco media, fully implement the CDC recommended control programs, control access to tobacco products, and reduce tobacco advertisements that are aimed at younger generations.
Currently high cigarette price leads to lower consumption, but intervening in the cost of cigarettes is having little effect for low income families due to the fact the most of the cigarettes users, and those less likely to quit, are below the poverty line (Vijayaraghavan, Messer, White, & Pierce, 2013). In the following pages, we have broken down primary, secondary, and tertiary nterventions we felt were most applicable to teenage tobacco use. The first step in controlling smoking in our youth is prevention or a primary intervention, which includes education of health risks and consequences associated with smoking tobacco.
One primary intervention that the tobacco companies are providing to lead children away from consumption are anti- tobacco ads and commercials. These cover many possible chronic diseases that can be caused by tobacco smoke as well| as an assortment of marketing strategies to impact as many viewers as possible. School systems nationwide have also mplemented smoking prevention teachings given to students as a part of the health class curriculum. Educating students on harmful chemicals, diseases processes, and imagery of damaged tissues as a result of tobacco use.
The National Tobacco Control Program focuses on preventing smoking, eliminating secondhand smoke, and encouraging teens and adults to quit. This program would be beneficial for establishing primary and secondary interventions. The CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health created this program to help all fifty states by funding the marketing and regulating of community interventions (CDC, 2017). This program also runs national and ocal campaigns and events supporting the prevention and cessation of tobacco use. Another important component of this program is that it focuses on removing economic disparities that influence tobacco use (CDC, 2017).
Secondary Interventions types include screenings and testing that apply to the particular disease process. As relating these to tobacco use we see issues in lung and cardiac function, which encourage screenings in these areas. The Cigarette Dependence Scale is a secondary intervention that can help identify patients who experience tobacco abuse and also for monitoring patients who are trying o quit smoking. It is a self-administered questionnaire that was developed by qualitative surveys that helped to generate the content (Kleier, Mites-Campell, & Henson-Evertz, 2017).
Also, spirometry is a common test used to detect how well your lungs are working by measuring the amount of air you can exhale (Institute of Medicine, 2011). This test is useful in diagnosing asthma and chronic lung diseases, which are prevalent diseases in patients who are long-term smokers. Supporting clients who are struggling with a tobacco related illness is a very important intervention. These patients should have support for the essation of tobacco in order to encourage them from worsening their illness.
The American Lung Association offers online support communities such as Fresh Empire, quit. com, and smokefree. gov. They also offer freedom from smoking clinical support groups, a lung help line, and apps for mobile devices for tracking purposes. Local resources are easily available for community member to access. CVS provides a minuteclinic which lets you talk with a practitioner one on one, and develop cessation plans customized to you. These professionals can also help identify nicotine replacements or medications that would be most beneficial for you and your ifestyle.
Chronic respiratory diseases can be caused by exposure to cigarette smoke, especially asthma in young children. Asthma, a disease known to be caused by first and second hand smoke, isn’t curable but can be managed before it leads to COPD or death (World Health Organization, 2017). According to the World Health Organization, some of the secondary and tertiary interventions would include things such as avoiding certain allergens and any non-specifics triggers and medical treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications (Institute of medicine, 2011).
Managing COPD is best done by first having the patient quit smoking. Quitting will also help with the reduction of mortality for patients, improving lung function, and improve any symptoms associated with COPD (Institute of Medicine, 2011). Evaluation According to the Community Preventive Task Force’s article Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs tobacco reduction programs are “cost-effective and the savings from averted healthcare costs exceed intervention costs” (Community Preventive Task Force, 2016).
Reducing the use of tobacco products will reduce the amount of complications and health care cost associated with smoking. Possible complications associated with tobacco use include: secondhand smoke exposure, cancer, stroke, lung disease, impaired immune function, and have negative effects on the reproductive system, type two diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Tobacco control programs are beneficial to the consumer because added health care cost could potentially be greater than the tobacco products themselves.
During research we found that in New Mexico, the percentage of adults ages 18 and over, who currently smoke cigarettes was 21. 5% in 2011. Nationally, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults ranged from 11. % to 29. 0%. New Mexico ranked 27th among the states. The percentage of youth in New Mexico high schools who currently smoke cigarettes was 19. 9% in 2011. The range across 44 states was 5. 9% to 24. 1%. New Mexico ranked 36th among 44 states (CDC, 2017).
Even though our copious interventions seemed promising the data indicates that smoking cessation has not decreased in recent years within this population. Re-evaluation of practiced interventions is necessary to produce wanted improvements and lower percentages of teenage smokers. Conclusion In conclusion, unfortunately, the interventions researched in this aper have not shown to be effective when looking at the overall percentages.
During our research it has become apparent that higher levels of tobacco use can lead to increased mental health issues, along with being detrimental to a significant amount of the organs and organ systems functional ability. We have determined that quitting smoking can improve mental health regardless of whether they have experienced mental health problems. We are hopeful that within the near future the healthcare industry will discover a way to reach this population that will be more effective in encouraging teens to quit smoking.